Transition Signals
1. To indicate time or sequence 时间或顺序
first, second, third  
firstly, secondly, thirdly
first of all, furthermore, finally
to begin with, next (another), then, finally 
for one thing, for another, finally / on one hand, on the other hand 
in the first place, in the second place (secondly), finally 
first and the most important 
last but not the least
at the same time 
meanwhile
in the meantime 
simultaneously
subsequently
immediately
as soon as
before 
after 
shortly before/after
afterwards
thereafter
later on
since
until
during 
nowadays
at present
presently
formerly
previously
in the past
so far
lately
temporarily
at the end
at last/eventually/ultimately
2. To indicate place or space 地点或空间
in front of
in the foreground 
in the center of
in the distance
far away
next to 
nearby
close to
adjacent to
at one end
at the other end
at the end of
across from
opposite to
on the other side 
at the back of
on top of 
at the bottom of
at the foot of
above
below
beyond
elsewhere
on/to the left/right hand of 
round the corner 
3. To indicate parallel and addition 并列和递进and/or
also
another
as well (as)
both…and…
either…or …
neither …nor…
further
furthermore 
moreover
besides
in addition
more important
most importantly
what’s more
4. To introduce examples 举例
such as 
including 
for example/instance
as an example
by way of example
to illustrate
as an illustration
in illustration of
a case in point 
for one thing 
for another thing
mainly
specifically
incidentally
namely
that is (to say)
5. To emphasize a point  强调
indeed
in fact
above all
after all
especially/particularly
in particular
specifically
truly/certainly/obviously
primarily
more significantly
more important (of all)
6. To show comparison and contrast 比较与对照
like/likewise
just as…
the same…as…
all (just) the same
in the same way
similarly/equally
in general
yet
but
however
nevertheless 
despite
in spite of
while
though/although
even though/if
unlike
on the other hand
by contraries
contrary to
on/to the contrary
in contrast wit/to
present a striking contrast to
for the sake of contrast
conversely
for all that
in any event
7. To show cause or effect 因果
for/as/since
because (of)
the cause of …
the reason for …
by reason of
for this/that reason
due to
owing to
thanks to
so
so that
so…that…
thus
therefore
hence 
accordingly
consequently
as a result
with the result that
result from
result in 
lead to
contribute to
be responsibly for
otherwise 
8. To indicate conclusion or summary 结论或概要
therefore
as has been noted/said
in one/a word
in other words
to put it in another way
in simpler terms 
to conclude
in conclusion
to sum up/summarize
in summary
in brief/short/sum
all in all
on the whole
overall 
generally (speaking)
Writing Supplement 


英语四级翻译.doc