英语语法归纳与练习 (一)情态动词 一。情态动词的现在完成式的用法 情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能:表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn't,;can/cann't; need/needn't;may/mayn't;might/mightn't;should/shouldn't; ougtht等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的 1.表示已经发生的情况。 1) must have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为 “(昨天)一定……”。 如:My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?” [A]must be [B] had been [C]must have been [D] had to be (答案为C) 2)can't / couldn't have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为 “(昨天)一定没……”。如: Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldn't have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn't have received (答案为A) 3)may / might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为 “也许……”。 如: At Florida Power's Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 2.表示虚拟语气。 1) needn't have + 过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于 “didn't need to do”,译为 “其实没必要……”。如: You needn't have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally. [A] needn't dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn't have dressed up (没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为D) 2)should have +过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为 “本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某 事但实际上做了,译为 “本不应该……”。如: I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成。 3) ought to have +过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为 “该……”,与should 的完成式含义类似。如: The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke . 4) could have +过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为 “完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法 相似。如: What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. 5) may/ might have +过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为 “(那样)也许会……”。如: Itmight havebeen better to includemorepunchy statisticsandphotosof equipment inthe introductiontofurtherassist first-time office automation managers. 二。几个情态动词常考的句型: 1)。may/might (just) as well “不妨,最好”,与had better相近; Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. 既然航班已经取消了,你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train. 2) .cannot / can't…too …“越……越好,怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候,越小心越好。 The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized . 3) .usedn't 或did't use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。 4)。should 除了 “应该”一层意思外,考研大纲还规定要掌握其 “竟然”的意思。如:Ididn'texpectthatheshouldhavebehaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。 三。情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 1. want, require, worth (形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。 Your hair wants cutting The book is worth reading The floor requires washing. 2.need既
英语语法归纳与练习.pdf
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