Definition of curriculum & syllabus (see Greenb.1,Blueb.2-4 ) 国家课程标准 是教材编写，教学，评估和考试命题的依据， 是国家管理和评价课程的基础， 它体现了国家对不同阶段的学生在知识与技能，过程与方法，情感态度与价值观念等方面的要求， 规定各门课程的性质，目标，内容框架， 提出教学和评价建议。 (摘自《基础教育改革纲要(试行)》，转引自《光明日报》2001年6月7日)  A curriculum contains a broad description of general goals by indicating an overall educational-cultural philosophy which applies across subjects together with a theoretical orientation to language and language learning with respect to the subject matter at hand. A curriculum is often reflective of national and political trends as well.  A syllabus is a more detailed and operational statement of teaching and learning elements which translates the philosophy of the curriculum into a series of planned steps leading towards more narrowly defined objectives at each level. (from Course Design by Dubin & Olshtain, 2002: 34-35, --- he’s blue book p2-3)  The term ‘curriculum’ itself can be used in two ways. In one sense, it refers to the program of studies of an educational institution. ….  for example, the school curriculum in the distribution of subjects and activities …. In a more restricted sense we use the term curriculum to describe the substance of what is taught in a given subject….(It) usually involves at least three aspects:  (a) defining objectives,  (b) determining content, and (c) indicating some sort of sequence or progression.  (from  Issues and Options in Language Teaching by H.H. Stern, 1992:19-20 --- he’s white book p4-5)）  Definition of teaching materialswhat, why need, function/role—(Redb.29) Tg materials & concepts of education Resources for tg.& lg. --- knowledge transferring Tools of tg. & lg. --- student center Media betw. Lger & knowledge & curriculum?  lgers/tgers --- constructivism Sum: Tg materials including key knowledge, way of lg & tg, fine cases of interaction Task:   Look at your textbook and identify each of the above functions represented in it, highlight its surface features and implications underlined. Greenb. Whiteb. Unit titles  U-1 Hello! What' s your name?  U-2 Nice to meet you!   U-3 Can you spell it?  U-4 Numbers in English  U-5 What's this in English?   U-6 How old is he?  U-7 Is this your pencil-box?  U-8 Mainly revision  U-9 The new students  U-10 Where is it?  U-11 Come and meet the family!  U-12 What can you see?  U-13 What colour is it?  U-14 That's mine!  U-15 What's the time?  U-16 Mainly revision  U-1 My name's Gina.   U-2 Is this your pencil?   U-3 This is my sister.  U-4 Where's my backpack?  U-5 Do you have a soccer ball?  U-6 Do you like bananas?  U-Review of units 1-6   U-7 How much are these pants?  U-8 When is your birthday?  U-9 Do you want to go to a movie?  U-10 Can you play the guitar?  U-11 What time do you go to school?  U-12 My favorite subject is science.   U-Review of Units 7-12 Curriculum & Textbooks 	Underlined theory              ↓ Curriculum/syllabus            ↓ 		Textbook            ↓   	Exercises/activities Linear & spiral sequencing /ordering (whitb:89-93) Linear gradation In a typical linearly ordered course the items are presented one by one in a strictly linear sequence which is maintained throughout the course. Each item is discussed in detail, and the aim is to attain complete command of the item before proceeding to the next item.  Cyclic gradation/spiral sequencing The feature cyclic refers to the presentation of a point in a way leading to gradual familiarization by returning to it at different intervals in the course of instruction. ...In the cyclic approach mastery is achieved by successive approximation to a given standard. （摘自Applied Linguistics and the Teaching and Learning of Foreign Languages ---Gradation of Course Content，by Theo Van et al. 1884：226-228）   Sequencing in terms of  Grammar knowledge (demonstration of ‘attributive clause in srj07) Vocabulary knowledge Topic & content (titles in contentable of pxbz04, whitb.)  Workshop Observe the unit list and grammar knowledge sequence of 04srj Identify some language item sequencing in your textbook    New curriculum concepts in new textbooks Aiming at doing things in Englis
初中课标解读.ppt