一、几种典型平台的结构组成 自升式平台：平台主体；桩腿（圆柱|桁架）；升降机构 半潜式平台：上层平台；下浮体（或浮箱）；立柱和撑杆 导管架平台：上部结构；导管架；桩 二、海洋立管 立管：连接钻井船或平台至水下井口的钢质管状结构。 按用途可分为： 二、海洋立管 钻井隔水管作用： Low-pressure Drilling Riser Low-pressure Drilling Riser Low-pressure Drilling Riser high-pressure risers BOP is located at the surface This riser has a much simpler architecture than does a low-pressured riser , since it does not require kill and choke lines In the event of a gas kick, the BOP is closed at the surface, which is immediately accessie on the drilling rig. Thus the riser has to be designed to  take full well pressure. More risk when drilling, unless an adequate seabed disconnection system can be provided in case of an emergency. Production risers Bundled risers Encompasses several different riser architectures Inspired by architecture of lower pressure drilling risers. Comprise a core pipe with a number of satellite production resers around it , to which it was attached by guides. The central core pipe also served as the export riser. Each satellite riser had its own tensioner flexible risers Changes in lateral offset of the platform tended to induce large variations in pipe tension, and large changes in position of the touchdown point(TDP) at the seabed.  To reduce those effects,a number of architectures were developed for the section close to the seabed. SCRs *                   第三章  船舶与海洋工程结构形式          §3-3.海洋工程结构 一、几种典型平台的结构组成二、海洋立管 Drilling Completion/workover (similar to Drilling risers)  Production/injection Export  为钻井液提供通道 为钻杆从水面至井口导向 组成： 多节钢管连接而成，每支钢管两端有特制接箍。 张紧器：提供张紧力，避免压屈。 伸缩隔水管：随船体有4.6-9.1m的升沉。 上下球接头：  俄罗斯ZAO公司铝合金隔水管  俄罗斯ZAO公司采用铝合金(主要成分为Al-Zn-Mg和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)作为隔水管材料,在满足强度要求的条件下,铝合金隔水管比钢制隔水管更轻,在平台承载能力不变的情况下,能够在更大水深的海域钻井。但是,ZAO公司隔水管采用的是法兰连接,下隔水管时效低,不能有效提高钻井效率。 法国IFP和Framatome公司CLIP隔水管 从20世纪80年代起,法国石油研究院(IFP)和Framatome公司就在开发CLIP隔水管,如图3~4。开发CLIP隔水管的主要目的是为了提供快速和安全连接的隔水管接头,来满足大直径、超深水钻井所需的高压力压井和节流管线的连接需要。目前,已经为Pride International公司制造了2套系统,Pride International公司已经在Pride Africa和Pride Angola钻井船上使用。  图4　CLIP隔水管接头 Cameron公司LoadKing隔水管系统 LoadKing型法兰隔水管系统属于传统的钢制法兰式连接隔水管系统,如图5。由于采用法兰式连接,隔水管系统连接强度大,所以主要用来满足水深在3 048 m(10 000英尺)或以上的超深水钻井的需求。该系统包括钻井隔水管、张力环以及承载1 814?4 t(4×106磅)载荷等级的伸缩接头锁紧系统。该系统可以和最高载荷等级的工业应用的卡盘、万向节和送入工具配套使用。      a　隔水管　　　　            b　隔水管接头　  Drilling risers is subdivided into Low-pressure risers & high-pressure risers The standard drilling riser today is  a low-pressure riser, open to atmospheric pressure at the top end. Thus the internal pressure can never exeed that owing to the drilling-mud weight. Low-pressure risers comprise a central tube of 21 in. diameter and is equipped with peripheral lines. peripheral lines:1)kill and choke lines;2)booster line3)hydraulic line Riser  joint is equipped with syntactic foam buoyancy modules to reduce the weight in water.  1)kill and choke lines, used to communicate with the well and circulate fluid in the event of a gas kick for which the seafloor blowout preventer(BOP) has to be closed; 2)booster line, used to injected fluid at  the low  end of the riser and accelerate the flow so as to better evacuate the cuttin
3-3海洋工程结构.ppt