语法120题   
一、动词的时态和语态
1. 动词基本时态及其用法
(一) 一般现在时的特殊用法
1. 表示真理或经常性的动作。
   The secretary said that she always leaves as soon as her boss goes home.(宾语从句说的是习惯)
2. 表示预先安排好，将要发生的事情。
   The train leaves in half an hour.
3. 用于时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替将来时。
I won’t go to his birthday party unless he invites me.
(二)现在进行时的特殊用法
1. 表示将来计划要做的事情。
       Professor Smith is entertaining his students this Sunday.
2. 现在进行时与always，constantly，forever等连用。表示意想不到或使人烦恼的事情。
       She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
(三) 现在完成时的用法
1. 表示从过去到现在这段时间内完成而对现在有影响的动作或状态。常与already, before, ever, lately, just, in the past … years, never, recently, so far, up to now, yet等状语连用。
	1) I haven’t heard from him lately.
	2) So far，we have discussed this problem for three times.
2.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。常与for, since连用。
   Mr. White has worked in the company for a decade.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来时。
	1) I'll phone you after I have talked about this matter with my parents.
	2) We’ll go to the cinema if we have finished our essay by that time.
(四) 过去完成时
表示过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况，常与before, by等引导的状语连用。
 	1. They had passed CET 4 before entering this college.
	2. They did better than we had expected.
(五) 将来完成时
表示将来某时刻之前已完成或发生的情况，常与by+将来时间的状语连用。
	By the end of next year，we’ll have completed this project.
2.情态动词+现在完成时
1) should/ought to+ have done表示过去应该做而未做
You should have finished your work an hour ago.(实际没做完)
2) needn’t+ have done 表示已经做过的但是并不必要的行为
	You needn’t have written to him. He will be here tomorrow.	(实际已经写了信)
3) could+ have done表示与过去的事实相反，能做而未做
   (1) I could have bought that coat, but I lent the money to a friend.
   (2) If it hadn’t been for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded in such a short period of time.
4) might+ have done表示过去事实很可能发生而没发生。
	John might have lent you the car if you had asked. 
5) must+have done表示对过去事情的肯定猜测
  	He must have received my letter which was mailed a week ago.
3.几个特殊句型中的时态
1) It is the first time that…
   在此结构中，当主句动词为“is／will be”时，从句动词用现在完成时；若主句动词为“was”，从句动词为过去完成时。
   (1) It is the first time that I have talked with a foreigner.
   (2) It was the first time he had come to a concert.
2) It is／has been+时间+since…
   在此结构中，当主句动词为“is／has been”时，从句动词用一般过去时；若主句动词为“was／had been”，从句动词为过去完成时。
   (1) It is five years since I saw her.
	(2) It was five years since I had seen her.
3) It was not／won’t be long before…
在此结构中，主句动词为wasn’t时，从句动词用一般过去时；若主句动词为will/won’t be，从句动词为现在时代替将来时。
   (1) It was not long before everyone came to know him.
	(2) It won’t be long before we work out some plans to promote our sales.
  (3) It will be a long time before you have enough money for a global tour.  
(二) 被动语态的使用
  在不知道、不必提出动作执行者；强调动作承受者时，用被动语态。
	My bike was stolen yesterday.		(不知道施动者)
   The matter will be discussed next time. (不必指出施动者)
   The library is being repaired.		(不必指出施动者)
(三) 用于客观说明的结构中
It is said／reported／thought／argued／believed／well known／suggested／supposed…+that+从句
	It is reported that the flood in the south has destroyed an important railway.   
据报道，南方的洪水已经冲跨了一条非常重要的铁路线。
(四) 被动语态的其他用

语法120题.doc