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西点课业--中考英语语法讲解.doc
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西点课业--中考英语语法讲解.doc介绍

第1讲:名词
名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,follow me。 
  First, 名词复数的特殊变化。 
  普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是: 
  a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es; 
  b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es; 
  c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es; 
  d. 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。 
  e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;
f. deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the  Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。 
  注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。 
  别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 
  a. man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers, women teachers。 
  b. 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 
  哇!这些问题好复杂,我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。 
  这里面内容可谓少之又少,可也不能小视呦。 
名词所有格: 
表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。
还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。 
  好,名词部分我们已经学完,It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了, 
  Are you ready? 
练习: 
1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there. 
  A. women …girls 
  B. women… girl 
  C. woman…girls 
  D. woman…girl 
 2. Mr Black is a friend of _________. 
  A. Jack's aunt's 
  B. Jack's aunt 
  C. Jack aunt's 
  D. aunt's of Jack 
 3. This toy was made by a ____ boy. 
  A. ten-year-old 
  B. ten-years-old 
  C. ten-year-older 
  D.ten-years-older 
 4. The farmer raised ten _________. 
  A. sheeps 
  B. deers 
  C. horse 
  D. cows 
 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________. 
  A. her grandmother 
  B. her grandmother's 
  C. her grandmothers' 
  D. that of her grandmother 
 6. We have moved into a ________. 
  A. two- storey house 
  B. house of two storey 
  C. two-storeys house 
  D. two storeys house 
 7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry. 
  A. box's steel 
  B. box of a steel 
  C. steel box 
  D. box of the steel 
 8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________. 
  A. the Teacher's Day 
  B. Teacher's Day 
  C. a Teacher's Day 
  D. Teachers' Day 
 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday. 
  A. he 
  B. him 
  C. his 
  D. her 
 10. _________are big and bright. 
  A. The classroom window 
  B. The window of the classroom 
  C. The windows of the classroom 
  D. The classroom's windows 
实战: 
1. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour. 
  A. a 
  B. an 
  C. the 
  D. / 
 2. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______. 
  A. you 
  B. your 
  C. Lucy 
  D. yours 
 3. What's " potato" in Chinese? -It's _____ . 
  A. 香蕉 
  B. 大白菜 
  C. 西红柿 
  D. 土豆 
 4. The ninth month of a year is _______. 
  A. December 
  B. November 
  C. September 
  D. October 
 5. A: Must I leave now? 
  B: No, you _______. 
  A. needn't 
  B. mustnt 
  C. don't 
  D. won't 
 6. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon. 
  A. on 
  B. of 
  C. at 
  D. to 
 7. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China. 
  A. few 
  B. a few 
  C. little 
  D. a little 
 8. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake? 
  B: Yes, I ______there last winter. 
  A. gone, went 
  B. been, went 
  C. gone , have been 
  D. been, have 
 9. Do you ________English? 
  A. tell 
  B. say 
  C. talk 
  D. speak 
 10. A: May I _______your ruler? 
   B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you. 
  A. lend, borrow 
  B. lend, lend 
  C. borrow , lend 
  D. bor
西点课业--中考英语语法讲解.doc

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