乳糖和乳制品在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用Lactose and Milk Products for Newly Weaned Pigs                                      Immunity in Young Pigs幼龄猪免疫力的变化 Digestive Enzyme Development in Young Pigs 幼龄猪消化酶的发育和变化  Background 研究背景                                      Dried milk-based products have been used in pig starter diets for many years. 干乳制品在仔猪断奶料中已经使用许多年. These products enhance feed intake, growth rate, and health of newly weaned pigs. 这些产品能够提高断奶仔猪的饲料采食量, 生长率和健康. Milk contains many important components with superior nutritional value for pigs. 奶制品含有许多对仔猪具有高营养价值的重要成分. These include carbohydrates (lactose), proteins (amino acids, specific proteins), lipids, Ca, P, and other minerals and vitamins. 这些包括碳水化合物(乳糖), 蛋白质(氨基酸,特殊蛋白), 乳脂,钙,磷,和其他矿物质和维生素  Dried Products from Liquid Milk来源于液体乳的干奶制品  Dried Milk Powder 干奶粉                                      50-75 years ago, pigs were routinely weaned at 6-8 weeks of age. 50 到75年前,猪的常规断奶年龄为6到8周. In the 1960’s swine producers began to adopt more intensive production practices – led to earlier weaning of pigs – at 3-4 weeks. 60年代开始,养猪生产者采用了更为集约化的生产方式, 导致仔猪的早期断奶( 3到4周龄断奶). Inclusion of dried milk powder or dried skim milk in post weaning diets became a common practice. 在日粮中添加奶粉或脱脂奶粉变的非常普遍. This was necessary to keep pigs alive, healthy, and growing.  乳制品是维持仔猪生命,健康和生长所必须.  Dried Milk Powder奶粉                                      Today, with improved environments and specialized ingredients (dried whey, lactose, dried blood plasma, dried blood cells, fish meal), dried milk is seldom used.当今,应用饲养环境的改善和特殊饲料原料(乳清粉,乳糖,血浆蛋白粉,血细胞粉,鱼粉)的广泛使用,奶粉已经很少使用. Readily digestible carbohydrates (such as lactose) are essential to provide energy.易消化碳水化合物(乳糖)是提供仔猪能量所必须的. Source of lactose is whey.乳糖的来源主要是乳清产品. Dried Products from Cheese Production 来源于乳酪生产的干奶制品 Whey Processing 乳清的加工过程  Liquid Whey 液体乳清                                      Liquid whey was once considered a waste product. 液体乳清曾经被认为是废弃物品. It was disposed  by通过以下方式处理:  dumping it into waterways 倒入河流或水域 Spreading it on crop land 喷洒在农田中 Transporting it to landfills 运输和倾倒在垃圾堆场 In some parts of the world, liquid whey is fed directly to pigs. 有些国家把液体乳清直接用来喂猪. This is generally limited to areas close to cheese factories. 这种饲喂方式主要是在靠近乳酪生产厂的地区. Today, most of the whey is dried. 今天,多数液体乳清被干燥使用. Whey Processing Dried Whey 乳清粉                                 If whey is carefully dried, it makes an excellent ingredient for animal feeds. 仔细干燥的优质乳清粉是极好的动物饲料原料.  Dried whey is the largest milk-based feed ingredient used in the feed and pet food industries in the USA. 乳清粉是美国饲料和宠物饲料中使用的最大乳制品原料.  About one-half of the dried whey produced in the USA is used in animal feeds (milk replacers and pig starters). 在美国所生产的乳清粉大约50%用于动物饲料. Almost all pig starter diets contain dried whey and/or one of its major components, lactose. 几乎所有的乳仔猪料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分-乳糖.  Dried Whey 乳清粉                                Typically contains about 68% lactose and 12% protein 乳清粉通常含有68%的乳糖和12%的蛋白. Major proteins: b-lactoglobulin, a-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. 主要的蛋白组成是?-乳球蛋白,?-乳白蛋白,牛血清白蛋白,和免疫球蛋白. Source of amino acids 氨基酸来源 Serve as a defense against microbial infections 作为抵御微生物侵入的防御系统 Source of growth factors and modulators 生长和调节代谢因子的来源 Other proteins with important biological properties其他具有重要生物学特性的蛋白质: Lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme casein glycomacropeptide, phosphopeptides, and fat globule membrane proteins 乳铁蛋白,乳过氧化物酶,溶菌酶,酪蛋白糖聚肽,磷化肽,脂肪球膜蛋白. Classification of Dried Whey乳清粉的分类 Edible grade whey 食品级– low bacterial count 微生物计数少 Feed grade whey 饲料级 – does not make edible grade没有达到食品要求的  Sweet whey 甜乳清粉– from cheddar cheese 源于切达乳酪的乳清液 Acid whey 酸乳清粉– from cottage cheese production 源于酪农干酪的乳清液  Regular whey 一般乳清粉 Delactosed whey 脱乳糖乳清粉  Spray dried whey 喷雾干乳清粉 Roller dried whey 滚筒干乳清粉 Drying Systems 干燥方法                                  Spray dried whey 喷雾干燥 Whey is atomized into superheated air.液体乳清雾化在超高温的空气中 High initial temperature, low final temperature. 高初始温度,低结束温度 Predominance of a-lactose. 以?-乳糖为主 Results in a finer product that tends to be more hygroscopic.喷雾干乳清粉易吸水  

乳糖和乳制品在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用3.ppt