Feeding Strategies for Prolific Sows高产母猪的饲养策略 P.A. Thacker Department of Animal Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 加拿大萨斯喀砌温大学动物科学系  中文翻译：美国ADM公司 蔡永久 Changes in the Swine Industry (1980-2005)养猪工业的变化 (1980-2005) Consequences of Poor Sow Nutrition母猪营养缺乏的后果 Gilt Developer Diets后备母猪日粮 Recommendations for Mineral Fortification of a Gilt Developer Diet Compared with a Typical Finisher Diet与肥育猪日粮相比后备母猪日粮中矿物质的推荐添加量 Vitamin Levels for Developer Diets后备母猪日粮的维生素水平 Recommendations for Vitamin Fortification of a Gilt Developer Compared with a Finisher Diet与肥育猪日粮相比后备母猪日粮中维生素的推荐添加量 Feeding Gilts 后备母猪的饲养 It is important that replacement gilts be of sufficient age, size and physiological maturity before breeding.     有必要在繁殖前就选用好后备母猪具备足够年龄、大小、生理成熟状态。 It is also necessary that they have adequate reserves of fat and lean in their body at first mating.       也必需在第一次配种前考虑所选用的后备母猪具备足够体脂和瘦肉储备。 Targets for Gilts at First Mating后备母猪第一次配种时的目标指数 Reproductive Performance of Sows According to Body Weight and Back Fat at First Mating母猪的繁殖性能与第一次配种时的体重和背脂厚度相关    Nutrient Levels to Maximize Lean TissueGrowth Rates in Developing Gilts后备母猪最大瘦肉组织生长率所需的营养水平 Effect of High Fibre Gestation Diets on Reproductive Performance高纤维日粮对怀孕母猪繁殖性能的影响 Feeding Gilts Prior to Mating后备母猪配种前的饲养 The objective of the feeding program immediately before mating is to maximize the number of eggs ovulated. 	在临近配种时饲喂程序的目标是促使排卵数最大化。 Ovulation rate is the principle factor limiting litter size in gilts and increasing the level of feed intake prior to mating will significantly increase ovulation rate.  	排卵率是限制母猪窝重的主要因子，在配种前提高采食量能显著性地增加排卵效率。 Ovulation rate increases by 1-2 ova in response to increased feed intake during the 14-day period immediately prior to ovulation. This is the well know flushing effect. 	在排卵前14天立即增加采食量，排卵数相应会增加1-2个，这是著名的“冲刷”效果。（最大采食量会导致胃肠的迅速排空，即催情补饲） The Effects of Feed Level During the First Estrous Cycle on Litter Size 在第一个发情期饲喂水平对窝重的效果 Summary of Feeding Replacement Gilts后备母猪饲养小结 Feed replacement gilts a specialized developer diet rather than a finisher diet to enhance body stores of vitamins and minerals.    饲喂后备母猪要使用专门的日粮而不是育肥猪日粮，以促使体组织中维生素和矿物营养元素的贮存。 Feed diet containing 3000-3200 kcal DE and 0.7-0.8% lysine ad libitum to ensure adequate reserves of fat and lean at mating.     日粮应含3000-3200大卡/千克消化能和0.7-0.8%赖氨酸并自由采食,确保配种时母猪体脂肪和肌肉的储备。 For some genotypes, it may be necessary to restrict feed intake to reduce feet and leg problems associated with females getting too heavy or fat. 对某些品种有必要限制采食量，减少由于母猪超重过肥引起的肢蹄病。 If for any reason feed intake is restricted, feed gilts ad libitum (>3.0 kg) for two week period prior to mating. 如果由于某种原因采食量受到限制，应当在配种前2周确保后备母猪自由采食(至少3公斤/天)。 Approaches to Gestation Feeding怀孕母猪的饲养方法 North American System 北美系 Danish System 丹麦系 Feeding Pattern During Gestation(North American System)怀孕母猪饲喂模式（北美系） North American System北美模式 In this system , there are three major phases where feed intake is adjusted .  They are:                                           其中有三个调整采食量的主要阶段，它们是： Early gestation where the focus is on embryo survival (first two weeks) 怀孕早期关注胚胎成活率（0-2周） Mid-gestation where the focus is on sow body condition (days 14 to 100) 怀孕中期关注母猪体况（14-100天） Late gestation where the focus is on fetal growth and setting the sow up for the ensuing lactation (last 2 weeks)怀孕后期关注胎儿生长和调整身体状况，为随后的泌乳做准备（最后两周）。  Effect of Feed Level in Early Gestation on Plasma Progesterone Levels and Embryo Survival 怀孕早期的饲喂水平对血浆黄体酮和胚胎存活率的影响 Target Feed Intakes for Gestating Gilts (Days 14 to 100)14 -- 100天怀孕母猪的目标采食量 Performance of Sows Fed at Normal or High Levels in Late Gestation (day 100-114)怀孕后期母猪采食量正常或高水平时的生产表现 Feeding Pattern in Gestation(Danish System)怀孕母猪的饲喂模式(丹麦系) Early gestation (days 0 to 28) provide sows with high levels of feed (>3.0 kg/day). 怀孕早期0-28天提供母猪高采食量(>3.0 kg/day)。 Mid gestation (days 28 to 90), feed 1.8 to 2.4 kg of feed, depending on sow condition 怀孕中期28-90天根据母猪体况，每天供食1.8-2.4 kg。 Late gestation (days 90 to 110), feed 3.0-3.5 kg of feed/day  怀孕后期90-110天,每天喂食3.0-3.5 kg。 Comparison of Systems两种饲喂模式的比较 The t

高产母猪的饲养策略8.ppt