Class 4. Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction §4.1 Values 1.Concepts  Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence Importance: 1.Laying foundation for attitudes, motivation via influencing perceptions;                  2. Individuals are not value free, standard of behavior; aligning with the organization’s policy   Value system:A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity  2.Sources of Value system            result of  genetic component & learning Biological parents.A significant portion is genetically determined; Studies of twins reared apart demonstrate that 40% of the variation in work values;the majority is due to environment In early years. A significant portion is established from parents,teachers,friends and others societal values(culture).Learning and education relatively stable and enduring. Absolute learning combined with genetic imprinting assuring 3.Types of values              (1)Allport  Theoretical:the discovery of truth though a critical and rational approach Economic: the useful and practical Aesthetic: Form and harmony Social: the love of people Political:Acquisition of power and influence Religious:The unity of experience & understanding of the cosmos as a whole 3.Types of values              (2)Roceach values  survey(RVS) Terminal: Desirable end-states of existence; the goals to pursue during one’s lifetime         comfortable(exciting)life,sense of accomplishment,world of peace(beauty),equality,family(nation) security,freedom, happiness,inner harmony,mature love,pleasure,salvation, self-respect,social recognition,true friendship,wisdom. Instrumental:preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values ambitious,broad-minded,capable,cheerful,clean, honest, courageous,forgiving,helpful, imaginative,independent, intellectual,logical,loving,obedient,polite,responsible,self-control 3.Types of values              (2)Roceach values  survey(RVS) Mean value rankings of  Executive,                                                    Self-resect ,Family-se, freedom, sense of acco, happiness          honest, responsible, capable, ambitious, independent ;   union members,                                        family-secu, Freedom, happiness, self-respect, mature love responsible, honest, courageous, independent, capable   activists                                                         Equality,world of peace, family-s honest happiness courageous, helpful, courageous, responsible, capable  3.Types of values              (3)Contemporary work cohorts Protestant work ethic:hard work; conservative; loyalty to the organization Existential:Quality of life,nonconforming,seeks autonomy; loyalty to self;    1960s--mid-1970s Pragmatic:Success,achievement,ambition,hard work; loyalty to career;      mid-1970s--late 1980s Generation X:Flexibility,job satisfaction,leisure time; loyalty to relationships      1990s 4.Values,Lo

中国股市和美国股市镜像关系的实证研究4.ppt