Mechanical ventilation–Indications Apnea Acute hypercapnia that is not quickly reversed by appropriate specific therapy Severe hypoxemia Progressive patient fatigue despite appropriate treatment Mechanical ventilation–Modes Assisted mechanical ventilation (AMV) or assist/control (A/C) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) Pressure support ventilation (PSV) Mechanical ventilation–Modes Pressure control ventilation (PCV) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) Mechanical ventilation–Complications Atelectasis of the centrolateral lung and overdistention of the intubated lung Barotrauma, manifested by subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, subpleural air cysts, pneumothorax, or systemic gas embolism Mechanical ventilation–Complications Subtle parenchymal lung injury Acute respiratory alkalosis Hypotension Ventilator-associated pneumonia, mortality rate of this disorder is about 50–60%  B.General Supportive Care Nutrition Psychological and emotional support Skin care Meticulous avoidance of nosocomial infection and complications of tracheal tubes Prognosis of acute respiratory failure caused by uncomplicated sedative or narcotic drug overdose is excellent Acute respiratory failure in patients with COPD who do not require intubation and mechanical ventilation has a good immediate prognosis  ARDS associated with sepsis has an extremely poor prognosis, with mortality rates of about 90%. Survival rates of 62% to weaning, 43% to hospital discharge, and 30% to 1 year after hospital discharge. * 复旦呼研所Course &  Prognosis  复旦呼研所Course & Prognosis 复旦呼研所Course & Prognosis 复旦呼研所*